在濟南的氣候環(huán)境下，鐵藝護欄因底部長期接觸潮濕土壤、雨水侵蝕及鹽分沉積，成為銹蝕高發(fā)區(qū)域。從材料選擇到日常維護，每個環(huán)節(jié)都需采取針對性措施。本文將系統(tǒng)闡述鐵藝護欄底部防銹的核心技術(shù)要點。

　　In the climate environment of Jinan, wrought iron guardrails have become a high-risk area for corrosion due to long-term contact with moist soil, rainwater erosion, and salt deposition at the bottom. From material selection to daily maintenance, targeted measures need to be taken at every stage. This article will systematically explain the core technical points of rust prevention at the bottom of wrought iron guardrails.

　　一、銹蝕誘因深度解析

　　1、 Deep analysis of rust inducing factors

　　環(huán)境因素

　　Environmental factors

　　濕度侵蝕：濟南年降水量達(dá)600-700mm，底部積水導(dǎo)致電化學(xué)腐蝕加速。

　　Humidity erosion: The annual precipitation in Jinan reaches 600-700mm, and the accumulation of water at the bottom accelerates electrochemical corrosion.

　　鹽分沉積：冬季融雪劑殘留使土壤電導(dǎo)率升高，形成電解液環(huán)境。

　　Salt deposition: Residual snowmelt agents in winter increase soil conductivity, creating an electrolyte environment.

　　微生物作用：厭氧菌在潮濕環(huán)境繁殖，產(chǎn)生有機酸加劇金屬腐蝕。

　　Microbial action: Anaerobic bacteria reproduce in humid environments, producing organic acids that exacerbate metal corrosion.

　　材料缺陷

　　Material defects

　　普通碳鋼護欄含碳量0.12%-0.20%，在潮濕環(huán)境易形成原電池反應(yīng)。

　　Ordinary carbon steel guardrails have a carbon content of 0.12% -0.20%, which can easily form primary battery reactions in humid environments.

　　熱鍍鋅層厚度不足（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)≥65μm），局部破損后銹蝕迅速蔓延。

　　The thickness of the hot-dip galvanized layer is insufficient (standard should be ≥ 65 μ m), and rust quickly spreads after local damage.

　　安裝問題

　　Installation issues

　　直接埋入式安裝導(dǎo)致底部與土壤緊密接觸，形成毛細(xì)吸水通道。

　　Direct buried installation results in close contact between the bottom and the soil, forming capillary water absorption channels.

　　排水坡度不足（應(yīng)≥3%），雨水在底部滯留時間超過24小時。

　　The drainage slope is insufficient (should be ≥ 3%), and rainwater stays at the bottom for more than 24 hours.

　　二、材料選型與工藝優(yōu)化

　　2、 Material selection and process optimization

　　耐蝕材料升級

　　Corrosion resistant material upgrade

　　選用316不銹鋼或耐候鋼（如09CuPCrNi），耐鹽霧試驗達(dá)1000小時以上。

　　Choose 316 stainless steel or weather resistant steel (such as 09CuPCrNi), with a salt spray resistance test of over 1000 hours.

　　采用雙金屬復(fù)合管，內(nèi)層碳鋼保證強度，外層不銹鋼提供耐蝕性。

　　Adopting bimetallic composite pipes, the inner layer is made of carbon steel to ensure strength, and the outer layer is made of stainless steel to provide corrosion resistance.

　　表面處理強化

　　Surface treatment strengthening

　　熱鍍鋅+粉末噴涂復(fù)合工藝：先進行850℃熱浸鍍鋅，再噴涂環(huán)氧富鋅底漆（干膜厚度80μm）和聚酯面漆（60μm）。

　　Hot dip galvanizing+powder coating composite process: First, hot-dip galvanizing at 850 ℃ is carried out, and then epoxy zinc rich primer (dry film thickness of 80 μ m) and polyester topcoat (60 μ m) are sprayed.

　　底部100mm范圍增涂瀝青漆，形成物理隔離層。

　　Apply asphalt paint within a range of 100mm at the bottom to form a physical isolation layer.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)創(chuàng)新設(shè)計

　　Structural Innovation Design

　　離地間隙控制：底部距地面高度≥50mm，阻斷毛細(xì)吸水路徑。

　　Ground clearance control: The bottom should be at least 50mm above the ground to block the capillary water absorption path.

　　排水通道設(shè)置：立柱底部開設(shè)4個φ10mm排水孔，孔位呈45°交錯分布。

　　Drainage channel setting: Four 10mm drainage holes are opened at the bottom of the column, and the hole positions are staggered at a 45 ° angle.

　　可拆卸底座：采用不銹鋼螺栓連接，便于定期檢查與維護。

　　Detachable base: connected with stainless steel bolts for regular inspection and maintenance.

　　三、安裝施工規(guī)范

　　3、 Installation and construction specifications

　　地基處理

　　Foundation treatment

　　基礎(chǔ)開挖深度≥600mm，底部鋪設(shè)100mm厚碎石墊層，粒徑5-20mm。

　　The excavation depth of the foundation is ≥ 600mm, and a 100mm thick crushed stone cushion layer with a particle size of 5-20mm is laid at the bottom.

　　澆筑C20素混凝土基礎(chǔ)，高出地面100mm，形成防潮臺。

　　Pour C20 plain concrete foundation, 100mm above the ground, to form a moisture-proof platform.

　　安裝工藝

　　Installation process

　　預(yù)埋件防腐：地腳螺栓采用304不銹鋼材質(zhì)，外露部分包裹熱縮管。

　　Pre embedded parts anti-corrosion: The anchor bolts are made of 304 stainless steel material, and the exposed parts are wrapped with heat shrink tubing.

　　密封處理：立柱與基礎(chǔ)連接處填充改性瀝青密封膠，搭接寬度≥30mm。

　　Sealing treatment: Fill the connection between the column and the foundation with modified asphalt sealant, with a lap width of ≥ 30mm.

　　坡度控制：護欄整體向排水方向傾斜1%-2%，確保雨水快速導(dǎo)流。

　　Slope control: The guardrail is inclined by 1% -2% towards the drainage direction to ensure rapid flow of rainwater.

　　四、長效維護機制

　　4、 Long term maintenance mechanism

　　定期檢查

　　Regular inspection

　　季度巡檢：重點檢查底部排水孔暢通性，清除淤積雜物。

　　Quarterly inspection: Focus on checking the smoothness of the bottom drainage holes and removing accumulated debris.

　　年度檢測：使用涂層測厚儀檢測防腐層厚度，剩余厚度≥50μm無需修補。

　　Annual inspection: Use a coating thickness gauge to measure the thickness of the anti-corrosion layer. If the remaining thickness is ≥ 50 μ m, no repair is required.

　　專業(yè)維護

　　Professional maintenance

　　局部修補：銹蝕面積＜5%時，機械除銹至St3級，噴涂雙組份環(huán)氧漆。

　　Local repair: When the corrosion area is less than 5%, mechanical rust removal should be carried out to St3 level, and two-component epoxy paint should be sprayed.

　　整體翻新：銹蝕面積＞20%時，進行噴砂處理（Sa2.5級）后重涂防腐體系。

　　Overall renovation: When the corrosion area is greater than 20%, sandblasting treatment (Sa2.5 level) should be carried out and then re coated with anti-corrosion system.

　　應(yīng)急處理

　　Emergency response

　　發(fā)現(xiàn)涂層破損，24小時內(nèi)用鋅基修補膏覆蓋，防止銹蝕擴散。

　　If the coating is found to be damaged, cover it with zinc based repair paste within 24 hours to prevent rust from spreading.

　　暴雨后48小時內(nèi)檢查排水系統(tǒng)，及時烘干積水區(qū)域。

　　Check the drainage system within 48 hours after the rainstorm, and dry the ponding area in time.

　　鐵藝護欄底部防銹需建立“材料-設(shè)計-施工-維護”四位一體防控體系。通過耐蝕材料應(yīng)用、結(jié)構(gòu)防水設(shè)計、規(guī)范施工安裝及科學(xué)維護管理，可顯著延長護欄使用壽命。在濟南的氣候條件下，建議每3年進行一次專業(yè)防腐評估，確保防護體系持續(xù)有效。隨著納米涂層技術(shù)、自修復(fù)材料等新技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，鐵藝護欄的防腐性能將進一步提升，為城市景觀提供更可靠的保障。

　　A four in one prevention and control system of "material design construction maintenance" should be established for rust prevention at the bottom of wrought iron guardrails. Through the application of corrosion-resistant materials, structural waterproofing design, standardized construction and installation, and scientific maintenance management, the service life of guardrails can be significantly extended. Under the climatic conditions in Jinan, it is recommended to conduct a professional anti-corrosion assessment every 3 years to ensure the continuous effectiveness of the protection system. With the application of new technologies such as nano coating technology and self-healing materials, the anti-corrosion performance of wrought iron guardrails will be further improved, providing more reliable protection for urban landscapes.

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